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( PLOS ONE 9 :e104176, 2014) For the the second questionWhy do individuals with narcolepsy weigh more than healthy control subjects?Cizza hypothesized that individuals with narcolepsy have decreased energy expenditure compared with healthy control subjects

These compounds include pyruvate, which can be converted into acetyl-CoA and enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or be used for fatty acid synthesis, and -ketoglutarate, a precursor of glutamate and an intermediate of the TCA cycle

10.1186/s12885-025-13516-2 61 TekinS.elebiF

As seen in Fig 1A although the levels of miR-21-5p, serving as a control, were unaffected by starvation, miR-4488 levels increased by 4 h of GS starvation but declined progressively at 24 and 48 h (Fig 1B)

By helping normalize these stress signals, it addresses a root cause rather than just symptoms